Think of a time you had to make a choice. There were options, you
weighed them up, they whirled around in your mind for a while... And
then you chose. Later, you may have reflected, "Was that a reasonable
choice?" Let me take the liberty of answering your question: no.
You see, if you had to make choice - if the experience felt at all like
choosing - your choice was unreasonable. Disagree? Let's try to think of
an example of a completely reasonable choice. You are given options A
and B, and you must choose between them. It is clear to you that in this
situation it is appropriate to apply a particular kind of reasoning.
You apply the reasoning to the situation, and work out, rationally, that
choice A is, without a doubt, superior. You can prove it with your
reasoning, and you can also prove that anything else is wrong or
suboptimal in some way. Then you go ahead and choose option A. Can the
process of applying your reasoning be justly called a choice?
Granted, most times in life, it is not clinically clear what the
superior course of action is. Most times we have to guess (make an
actual choice). But at times when something is clear, it is not a
choice, no matter how long it takes to work out the correct answer. What
do I think 1 + 1 is equal to? 2. I don't have a choice. What do I think
2938395 x 2395545 is equal to? I don't know. Let me work it out. It's
ok, it won't take too long. Just wait here for a sec. Ok, I have worked
it out, and I think it is equal to 7039057450275. I doubt I can convince
myself to choose to think otherwise. Or can I? I can choose to "be
rational" or not. I
cando that. But if I were to choose to be
rational, I don't have any more choices to make. (And if I choose to be
irrational, my choices are hardly going to be reasonable, are they?)
Now I'm going to reward myself with an ice cream for my hard efforts.
What ice cream flavour should I choose? Chocolate, vanilla, or Tiramisu
cheesecake (yes, that flavour exists!)? Ok, let me just go and work it
out... Um... I'll just weigh up my desire for each on a scale of 1 to
10, and then... Um... subtract terms representing dietary
considerations... Ah, stuff it, I'll just have Tiramisu cheesecake ice
cream. I don't care what you say! (Did I make a reasonable choice?)
Most choices in life are like the ice cream one - there is no correct
answer. The reason for the lack of a correct answer is because
rationality is only a thing that makes sense in relation to some agreed
upon objective. In fact, to act rationally is to act optimally with some
predefined goal (MacGuffin) in mind. It makes no sense to ask, "Was
that a reasonable choice?" It only makes sense to ask, "Was that a
reasonable choice with respect to objective X?"
But enough about easy choices. How come some choices are easy but
others are hard? Think about a really hard choice you had to make. Not
one like the math one, or the ice cream one. Like, what if you could
save one of two people you knew, and you had to choose who to save? Ok,
perhaps not that hard, but hard, you know what I'm saying? Go
ahead and think. There is no clear reasoning to apply. The right choice
is not obvious. But why is this choice hard and the ice cream choice
easy?
You may be familiar with
the rider-elephant metaphor.
Your mind is like a rider on an elephant. The rider is your conscious
processes (over which you feel you have direct control); the elephant is
your automatic processes (things you 'just do', or internal experiences
that 'just happen' to you). The rider directs the elephant, but it is
the elephant who does the walking. The elephant is much bigger than the
rider, symbolising that most of your processes are automatic and the
will is weak in the face of raw desire. (Like all metaphors, this one
has limitations, but it is still a good way of talking figuratively
about what goes on in the mind.)
I think a choice is hard when the elephant doesn't have an
automatic behaviour for the situation and there is also no clear
reasoning to follow. The elephant says, "I don't know what to do, rider!
Have a look at this. Here are some emotions, here are some memories. Go
and get a new way of thinking about this problem. I don't know, maybe
read something, or go talk to someone, or just sit there and think it
over and maybe something will occur to you." And rider goes and tries to
work out the right answer with respect to some deep seeded objective.
And then either the right choice becomes clear, or some time* passes and
the elephant just chooses. Again, if an answer is logically worked out,
the choice is dissolved, and if the choice is "made" then it can only
be made illogically.
Wait, but isn't the rider supposed to be in control. If the elephant
chooses where to go, then the rider just... plots out the course? Or
maybe supervises the process? Or what is it that the rider actually
does? When one starts thinking about it in this way, the role of the
rider becomes increasingly nebulous. (If you've done some insight
mediation, you'll know exactly what I mean.) Some people, when presented
with the rider-elephant metaphor, think, "Oh, right, so I'm a rider
controlling the automatic processes of my body and subconscious mind."
But this is not the case. The metaphor is for the whole of you. You are
the rider and you are the elephant. All of your desires and value
judgements - and as we now see, choices - come from the elephant. The
rider is biased towards zerself, thinking that ze is the definition of
zer identity. But this is an illusion. In a sense, the elephant defines
the features of identity more than the rider does. All of a person's
'personality' comes from the elephant. The rider, it seems, has been
taken for a ride.
Notice that if the elephant makes a choice completely automatically
without the rider noticing, like when you reflexively smile back at
someone, we don't really call that a choice. A choice is when the
elephant consults the rider before selecting an automatic action. The
moment the choice is made is the moment when the rider relinquishes
control to the elephant. The elephant goes ahead and acts, and promptly
convinces the rider that it was the rider's choice. In a sense, when a
choice disappears as we work out the right answer, it is really the
elephant making the choice to be reasonable.
What about free will? Well, we don't have it! If we have anything at
all, it is more like free won't. The rider can pull on the reigns and
say, "No, not that," but the rider cannot take a positive action. In
order for that to happen, the thought of an action first has to occur to
the rider, and thoughts can only occur automatically (from the
elephant). (Here's another metaphor - the elephant is the house of reps
and the rider is the senate.)
Now, don't get me wrong, I'm not saying, "Choices are bad because
they're unreasonable - but we can't help it so we're screwed!" On the
contrary, I would like to highlight the opposite. Choices are forms of
self-expression, and we need not be worried about making unreasonable
ones! Instead, we should focus our negative, critical energies on
finding flaws with our logic and reasoning - an arena where "reasonable"
makes sense. The choice to be rational is an irrational one! To be
rational is a form of self-expression. I like rationality. I like the
answers it gives. I like that it is a way out of making difficult
choices. But also, I like that all irrational choices are a form of
self-expression too, and that the harder a choice was the less worried I
have to be that I made an unreasonable one.
---
* What governs the length of this time - up to the moment when we stop
thinking and actually choose - is very complicated and may be the
subject of another lengthy post.
